Girl Nurture – Girl Talk

By: Leita Harris, MD

A Vaccine to prevent Cervical Cancer?
Yes! As many of you know, “Human Papilloma Virus”, better known as “HPV” is the causative agent in most cases of cervical cancer. In 2006, “Gardisil” was licensed by the FDA to use in females, ages 9-26 years offering potential prevention of HPV and its associated conditions. In October of 2009, a second vaccine, “Cervarix” was approved for females, ages 10 – 25 years. What is the difference between the two? Let’s briefly review some facts about HPV.
HPV is a family of viruses spread through skin contact and is currently the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection. Recent estimates are that more than 70% of the population is infected, the highest rate being among young women. In an individual with a healthy immune status, most HPV infections will clear on it’s own within 2 years; persistent infection is the key to causing cell changes on the cervix. There are more than 100 different strains (types) of HPV, 40 of which infect the genital tract and 15 which cause cervical cancer. Type 16 and 18 cause 70% of cervical cancer and type 6 and 11 account for 90% of genital warts in both women and men. Gardisil is a ‘quadrivalent’ vaccine offering immunity for these 4 types and Cervarix is a bivalent vaccine protecting against HPV 16 and 18. There has also been some protection from other strains of HPV as well. Both of them require a series of three  (3) vaccines (shots) to be fully protected so receiving one shot is not adequate and is most effective when received before sexual activity. So far in follow up clinical trials, Gardisil has proved to be effective for 5 years and Cervarix for over 8 years.

While the HPV vaccine offers a way of prevention we cannot overlook the basics. Avoidance or reduction of exposure to HPV also needs to be incorporated in our practices: abstinence, later onset of sexual activity, limit number of sexual partners, always use condoms, screen for partner’s number of sexual partners, don’t smoke and maintain a healthy immunity with healthy eating, rest and exercise. Pap smears (screening for cervical cancer) should begin at 21 years old and continue every 1- 3 years depending on your risks and previous test results.

Valuing your body, taking charge and making informed decisions about your health is always the way to go!

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